A path through dense vegetation opening onto the sea and a distant horizon

Notes on Space · 03

What if more nature
isn't always better?

Nature can restore us, but not every natural environment feels the same.

Imagine walking through a dense forest.

The trees are tall, vegetation surrounds the path and there is very little open space between you and what lies ahead.

For some people, this feels wonderful: immersive, quiet, almost protective.

For someone else, the very same place can feel uncomfortable. There may be too much happening around them. They may want to see further ahead, know what is behind the vegetation or simply have a little more sky above them.

Now imagine standing somewhere completely different.

A wide coastline. A meadow with a few scattered trees. A garden where nature is present, but paths and boundaries are easy to read.

These are all natural environments.

Psychologically, though, they do not necessarily offer the same experience.

Nature is not one kind of place

We often talk about nature as though it were a single thing.

We know that time in nature can help restore our attention, reduce stress and support wellbeing. A substantial body of research has explored the links between contact with natural environments and different aspects of physical and psychological health.

But the word nature covers an extraordinary range of environments.

A dense woodland is nature. So is an open field.

A wild coastline, an urban park, a carefully maintained garden and the tree outside your kitchen window all offer some form of contact with the natural world.

What changes is the experience they create.

The amount of enclosure. How far we can see. How complex the surroundings feel. Whether we know what is around the corner. Whether paths and boundaries are clear. How familiar the place feels to us.

Research into vegetation and landscape preferences offers an interesting example. Dense vegetation can sometimes reduce visibility and make the surroundings harder to read. In certain settings, this has been associated with lower perceived safety and different landscape preferences.

This does not mean that dense forests are somehow bad for us.

It simply reminds us that more nature does not automatically mean more comfort.

Sometimes we want nature. Sometimes we also want to see

There is something reassuring about a place that lets us feel surrounded without feeling completely enclosed.

A tree gives shade, but we can still see beyond it.

A garden surrounds us with vegetation, but we understand where the path leads.

A sheltered bench gives us somewhere to settle while leaving the landscape open in front of us.

Ideas around prospect and refuge have long helped us explore the balance between feeling protected and being able to observe our surroundings. Research continues to examine how openness, enclosure and visibility can influence landscape preference and perceived safety.

Even here, there is no perfect formula.

Some people love disappearing into dense vegetation.

Others relax when they can see the horizon.

The same person may want both, depending on where they are, what they are doing and how they feel that day.

Our relationship with nature is not only about what surrounds us. It is also about how we experience it.

So what happens when we bring nature indoors?

This is where biophilic design becomes particularly interesting.

It is sometimes reduced to a very simple idea: add plants.

A few plants become a green wall. The green wall becomes an indoor jungle. Suddenly the room is described as biophilic.

But our connection with nature can take many forms.

Natural light is one. A view towards trees or sky is another.

Natural materials, textures, airflow, changing shadows, organic forms and even the possibility of noticing weather and seasonal changes can all alter our relationship with an interior.

Research and biophilic design frameworks reflect this broader understanding. The field includes far more than vegetation alone, considering direct and indirect contact with nature as well as spatial experiences such as prospect and refuge.

A room filled with plants may feel rich, alive and restorative to one person, while someone else may prefer something quieter.

One plant may be enough.

Maybe what matters more is the daylight. Or the wooden floor. Or being able to look outside over breakfast. Or simply seeing a patch of sky from the sofa.

None of these relationships with nature is more authentic than another.

Biophilic design may need a different starting point

Instead of asking how we can put more nature into a space, we can first notice which aspects of nature we actually respond to.

There is no need for everyone to answer these questions in the same way. The differences may be the most interesting part.

At Mind Friendly Spaces, this is why we look not only at what an environment contains, but at the relationship a person develops with it.

Biophilic design does not have to mean creating as much contact with nature as possible. It can be more personal than that.

Not:

How can we add more nature?

But:

What kind of relationship with nature feels right here?

Further reading

Lis, A., Pardela, L., & Iwankowski, P. (2021). Why is dense vegetation in city parks unpopular? The mediative role of sense of privacy and safety. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 59, 126988. DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2021.126988.

Gillis, K. & Gatersleben, B. / biophilic design literature reviewed in: A systematic review and conceptual framework of biophilic design parameters in clinical environments. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (2022). Includes daylight, air, plants, natural materials, prospect, refuge, mystery and other biophilic parameters.

Bowler, D. E., Buyung-Ali, L. M., Knight, T. M., & Pullin, A. S. (2010). A systematic review of evidence for the added benefits to health of exposure to natural environments. BMC Public Health, 10, 456. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-456.

Pardela, L., Beck, J., & Lis, A. (2025). Perception of urban parks: the influence of topography, vegetation density and park attributes on perceived safety, mystery and preference. Landscape Online, 100, 1133. DOI: 10.3097/LO.2025.1133.